Dyspareunia is characterized as pain during, before, or after intercourse. It can affect both men and women. In women, the pain may be on the vulva, or the genital area around the vaginal opening. The pain in women may be inside the vagina or the lower abdomen. In men, the pain may be in the penis, testicles, low abdomen, and sometimes the rectum.
In women, there are many reasons dyspareunia may occur:
- Childbirth
- Endometriosis
- Vaginal dryness
- Vaginal growth
- Muscle spasm
- Spinal problem
- Infection of the vagina or bladder
- Skin issues around the vagina
- Birth control pills
- Issues with a partner or feeling bad about self
- Past painful experience or trauma
In men, the most common causes of dyspareunia include:
- Infection of the prostate
- Sexually transmitted infections as in gonorrhea
- Skin issues surrounding the genitals
- Issues with a partner or feeling bad about self
A healthcare provider can determine if any further testing is needed based on your symptoms. Treatments will depend on the cause of dyspareunia. Medical treatments may include antibiotic pills, antifungal pills or creams, vaginal gels or creams, pelvis physical therapy, behavioral health counseling, and surgery for rare issues. Please consult with a healthcare provider to determine if you may be suffering from dyspareunia and what is the optimal treatment for you.